Effects of Quantum Nuclear Delocalisation on NMR Parameters from Path Integral Molecular Dynamics

The influence of nuclear delocalisation on NMR chemical shifts in molecular organic solids is explored using path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) and density functional theory calculations of shielding tensors. Nuclear quantum effects are shown to explain previously observed systematic deviations in correlations between calculated and experimental chemical shifts, with particularly large PIMD‐induced changes (up to 23 ppm) observed for carbon atoms in methyl groups. The PIMD approach also enables isotope substitution effects on chemical shifts and J couplings to be predicted in excellent agreement with experiment for both isolated molecules and molecular crystals. An approach based on convoluting calculated shielding or coupling surfaces with probability distributions of selected bond distances and valence angles obtained from PIMD simulations is used to calculate isotope effects.     

大气环境下的钢筋混凝土桥梁时变可靠度分析

为了探究钢筋混凝土桥梁抗力退化对桥梁可靠性能的影响,综合考虑一般大气环境下混凝土强度、钢筋强度、混凝土与钢筋黏结性能的降低,建立普通钢筋混凝土桥梁的抗力退化时变模型,分析规范车辆荷载作用的桥梁时变可靠度。研究结果表明,(1)一般大气环境下,桥梁抗力随着服役时间的增加而减小,其中钢筋强度退化对桥梁抗力的影响最大,其次是钢筋与混凝土黏结性能降低,而混凝土强度退化对桥梁抗力的影响相对较小; (2)桥梁可靠指标随着服役时间的增加而减小,密集行车占比越大,桥梁承载能力失效的概率就越大;非平稳车载作用下的桥梁可靠指标小于平稳车载,桥梁需要维修补强的时间比平稳车载提前; (3)多梁式简支梁桥在建造时应该提高边梁的安全储备,在管养时可以采取限载措施进行干预。     

阻尼对空爆荷载等效静载动力系数的影响

为考查阻尼参数对空爆荷载等效静载动力系数的影响,理论推导了空爆荷载下结构等效单自由体系弹塑性位移解及延性比解,设计并计算了阻尼比0.000 1～0.1、延性比1～4的20种典型工况的动力系数,并与现行抗爆设计规范动力系数公式结果进行了对比。结果表明:阻尼比小于0.000 1时可基本代表无阻尼状态,阻尼比0.01的动力系数比无阻尼的最大降低幅度为2.08%,数值差异很小,因此阻尼比为0.01以内时,可忽略阻尼对动力系数的影响;阻尼比0.05的动力系数比无阻尼的降低幅度约9.92%,数值差异较大,认为阻尼比0.05以上时将具有明显的经济效益;现行设计规范动力系数更适用于柔性结构体系,运用于刚性结构抗爆设计时,计算误差较大,对阻尼比较小的结构设计更不利。     

Real‐Time Monitoring of Transport of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons from Industrial Areas Using Open‐Path FTIR Spectrometry with COL1SB

Abstract

Open‐path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was used to continuously monitor 11 chlorinated hydrocarbon species in the region connecting two different industrial complexes for 24 hr. The single‐beam spectra obtained from open‐path FTIR were analyzed by newly developed software named COL1SB, which generates site‐specific background spectra as well as path‐averaged water vapor concentrations in addition to performing regression analyses. The path‐averaged water vapor concentrations calculated by the COL1SB agreed very well with those measured by a thermo‐hygrometer. In addition, site‐specific background spectra were generated by accounting for chemical absorption of 50 chemical species. The accurate estimation of path‐averaged water vapor concentrations, as well as the usage of site‐specific background spectra, enables chlorinated hydrocarbons to be measured by open‐path FTIR spectrometry at the ppb level. Among 11 chlorinated hydrocarbons considered here, trichlorofluoromethane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene were identified as major chlorinated hydrocarbons having concentrations above 1 ppb. Wind affected the temporal variations of these chlorinated hydrocarbons, indicating the importance of local transport. However, the effect of wind differed from one species to another because of different source characteristics.     

开放光程扬尘颗粒物浓度测量方法及系统

利用单波长激光通过扬尘空间发生散射消光衰减的特性,设计了开放光程的颗粒物浓度检测方法及系统。该方法利用双峰正态分布模型模拟颗粒物粒径分布,实时计算一定空间范围内的扬尘颗粒物浓度,具有响应速度快、测量动态范围宽的优点,适合浓度高、变化快、空间范围大的扬尘颗粒物浓度测量。通过水溶胶模拟实验与烟尘实验验证了该方法的可行性。实验数据表明,系统量程可达0~400mg/m3,分辨率为0.05mg/m3,响应时间小于1s。     

Finding the buckling load of non-uniform columns using the iteration perturbation method

The aim of this study is to calculate the critical load of variable inertia columns. The example studied in this paper can be used as a paradigm for other non-uniform columns. The wavelength of equivalent vibratory system is used to calculate the critical load of the trigonometrically varied inertia column. In doing so, the equilibrium equation of the column is theoretically studied using the perturbation method. Accuracy of the calculated results is evaluated by comparing the solution with numerical results. Effect of improving the initial guess on the solution accuracy is investigated. Effects of varying parameters of the trigonometrically varied inertia and the uniformly tapered columns on their stability behavior are studied. Finally, using the so-called “perfectibility” parameter, two design goals, i.e., being lightweight and being strong, are studied for the discussed columns.     

Electric-pulse-induced local conducting area and joule heating effect in VO2/Al2O3 films

We investigated the effect of an electric-pulse on the insulator–metal phase transition of VO₂/Al₂O₃ films using synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy. By monitoring the time-resolved optical response, we could demonstrate that local conducting areas are formed under the influence of the electric-pulse, and the Joule heat generated from the local current flow drives a consecutive thermal phase transition in the adjacent sample area.     

Improved RGF method to find saddle points

The predictor-corrector method for following a reduced gradient (RGF) to determine saddle points [Quapp, W. et al., J Comput Chem 1998, 19, 1087] is further accelerated by a modification allowing an implied corrector step per predictor but almost without additional costs. The stability and robustness of the RGF method are improved, and the new version in addition reduces the number of gradient and Hessian calculations.     

W/Cu梯度功能材料的高热负荷性能研究

用等离子体喷涂和热压方法制作了W/Cu梯度功能材料(FGM)样品,用大功率ND∶YAG激光对其进行了高热负载模拟实验.结果表明,在100～400MW@m-2的瞬时(脉冲宽度为4ms)热负载下,经过200～700次热循环,未发现有W-Cu复合体开裂.在123MW@m-2的功率密度下作用700次,发现钨表面有再结晶现象及严重的晶界腐蚀和裂纹,再结晶的平均晶粒尺寸约为5～10μm,垂直于表面呈柱状结构,再结晶层厚度约20～30μm.由于激光的淬冷效应,晶粒生长的趋势并不明显.在398MW@m-2功率密度下出现了明显的腐蚀坑,坑内呈疏松的蜂窝结构,坑的边缘出现了明显沉积区,能谱分析表明沉积区集聚了大量的金属杂质.等离子体喷涂试样比热压试样更易产生晶界的断裂的裂纹.在相同的热负荷条件下,W/Cu FGM的重量损失低于石墨材料的重量损失.     

Soft Constraint Logic Programming and Generalized Shortest Path Problems

In this paper we study the relationship between Constraint Programming (CP) and Shortest Path (SP) problems. In particular, we show that classical, multicriteria, partially ordered, and modality-based SP problems can be naturally modeled and solved within the Soft Constraint Logic Programming (SCLP) framework, where logic programming is coupled with soft constraints. In this way we provide this large class of SP problems with a high-level and declarative linguistic support whose semantics takes care of both finding the cost of the shortest path(s) and also of actually finding the path(s). On the other hand, some efficient algorithms for certain classes of SP problems can be exploited to provide some classes of SCLP programs with an efficient way to compute their semantics.